<p>The John Steele House is a historic house at 2–4 Montvale Avenue in Stoneham, Massachusetts. It is one of a few surviving 19th-century double houses in Stoneham. Built c. 1880–1885, It is a 6-bay two-story wood-frame house, with a side-gable roof, chimneys at the ends, and twin doors in the central bays under a shared bracketed hood. It is one of a series of identical rowhouses that were owned by John Steele, a major landowner in the town during that period.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Wood House is a historic house at 30 Chestnut Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. It is one of the most elaborate Italianate houses in Stoneham. The -story wood-frame house was built 1875 for Charles Wood, who lived there until the first decade of the 20th century. Its basic plan is an L shape, but there is a projecting section on the center of the main facade that includes a flat-roof third-story turret, and the roof line has numerous gables facing different directions. There are porches on the front right, and in the crook of the L, with Stick style decorations, the cornice features heavy paired brackets, some of its windows are narrow rounded windows in a somewhat Gothic Revival style, and the walls are clad in several types and shapes of wooden clapboards and shingles.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, where it is listed at 30 Chestnut Street. The property is also a contributing resource to the Nobility Hill Historic District, listed in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Newton Lamson House is a historic house at 33 Chestnut Street in the Nobility Hill section of Stoneham, Massachusetts. Built c. 1887, it is one of Stoneham&#39;s finest Queen Anne/Stick style houses. It has a rectangular plan, with a gable roof that has a cross gable centered on the south side. The gable ends are clad in decorative cut shingles, and the gables are decorated with Stick-style vergeboard elements. Below the eaves hangs a decorative wave-patterned valance. The porch has turned posts and balusters. It is further enhanced by its position in the center of a group of stylish period houses, including the Sidney A. Hill House and the Franklin B. Jenkins House.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and included in the Nobility Hill Historic District in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Locke–Baldwin–Kinsley House is a historic house at 45 Green Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts, United States. The two-story timber-frame house was built c. 1744 on land belonging to the Locke family. It has two slender interior chimneys, and an ell on the south side that has documented use as a shoe shop its early 19th-century owners. The house was later  owned by Micah Baldwin, a harness maker, and has remained in the hands of his descendants.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The T.U. Lyon House is a historic house at 9 Warren Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. The modest -story Greek Revival house was built c. 1850 for T.U. Lyon, a shoe cutter. At the time of its construction Warren Street had been supplanted as the major north–south road through Stoneham by the Medford-Andover Turnpike . Most of its distinctive Greek Revival features, including corner pilasters and a larger-than-typical frieze, have been lost due to recent residing of the exterior .</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The David Kenney House is a historic house at 67 Summer Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. Built c. 1850, the two-story wood-frame structure is a well-preserved worker&#39;s cottage, with a side-gable roof and a single interior chimney. Only one room deep, it has three irregularly placed windows on both the first and second floors, and an off-center front entry. It was listed as belonging to a laborer named David Kenney between 1858 and 1889. Its scrolled front entrance hood is probably a later addition.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Millard–Souther–Green House is a historic house at 218 Green Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. Built c. 1700, it is one of the oldest buildings in Stoneham. It is a two-story timber-frame structure with an asymmetrical four-bay facade. The entry is in the second bay from the left, with the slightly off-center large brick chimney behind. It has an added rear leanto section, giving it a classic saltbox profile. The window openings appear to be original in terms of size and position, a rarity for Stoneham&#39;s 18th-century houses.</p><br>
<p>The house was likely built by Thomas Millard, who sold it to the Souther family in 1725. It was later sold into the locally prominent Green family, and has long been a local landmark.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Nobility Hill Historic District is a residential historic district roughly bounded by Chestnut and Maple Streets and Cedar Avenue in Stoneham, Massachusetts. The district includes a number of high quality houses representing a cross section of fashionable housing built between 1860 and 1920. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Nobility Hill is roughly defined as a rectangular area bounded on the north and west by Cedar Avenue, on the south by Maple Street, and on the east by Chestnut Street. The area is located a few blocks west of Main Street and Stonehams Central Square. Maple and Chestnut Streets are both roads laid out early in the 19th century as through streets. The early significant development in this area was made by some of Stonehams wealthiest residents (thus giving it its name), notably John Hill and H. H. Mawhinney, both owners of shoe factories, and C. W. Tidd, owner of the Tidd Tannery. The land that made up Hills estate stands outside the district, on the south side of Maple Street, while Mawhinneys was located on the east side of Chestnut Street, where several houses now stand within the district. The Tidd estate was located in the area mostly occupied by Cedar Avenue and Poplar Street. Neither the Tidd nor Mawhinney estate houses survive, although stone walls and a gate survive from Tidd&#39;s, incongruously set in front of mid-20th century ranch houses.</p><br>
<p>The earliest architectural style to appear in the district is the Italianate, as typified in the house at 35 Chestnut, built about 1860, and a trio of houses at 9, 11, and 13 Cedar, built about 1870. Probably the finest example of the style in the district is the Charles Wood House at 34 Chestnut. The best example of Second Empire architecture is the c. 1870 Lorenzo D. Hawkins House at 1 Cedar. Stick style and Queen Anne houses are probably the most numerous in the district, with particularly fine examples in the Sidney A. Hill House, Newton Lamson House, and the Franklin B. Jenkins House, all in a row at 31-35 Chestnut. The latest building to contribute to the area&#39;s significance is the Dutch Colonial at 45 Maple Street; it was built about 1915.</p><br>
<p>The Warren Sweetser House is a historic house at 90 Franklin Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. It is one of the finest Greek Revival houses in Stoneham, recognized as much for its elaborate interior detailing as it is for its exterior features. Originally located at 434 Main Street, it was moved to its present location in 2003 after being threatened with demolition. The house was found to be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, but was not listed due to owner objection. In 1990 it was listed as a contributing resource to the Central Square Historic District at its old location. It was listed on its own at its new location in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Sweetser House is located at the northeast corner of Franklin Street and Dale Court, a short way east of the center of Stoneham. Franklin Street is a major east–west through street connecting Stoneham to neighboring Melrose. The house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof and a modern concrete foundation. Most of the house is sheathed in tongue-and-groove siding, but the front and right side portions under the porch are entirely finished in flushboarding. The corners of the building are pilastered, with an entablature that encircles the building. The front facade, facing south, has a single-story hip-roof porch extending across its width and around to the right, supported by Ionic columns. The facade is four bays wide, with full-length windows on the ground floor and smaller sash windows above. There are two sash windows in the fully pedimented gable end. The porch on the right side ends in a projecting section that houses the main entrance and a stairwell. Each side of the roof has a single gable-roofed dormer.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house consists of a mix of Greek Revival elements overlaid by Victorian and Colonial Revival alterations, most of which date to the buildings conversion to a duplex in the 1890s. A room divider with leaded glass was added to the downstairs (street level) great room, and spindled screens were also added to some doorways and windows but later removed.</p><br>
<p>The house originally stood at 434 Main Street, a short way south of Stonehams Central Square. It was built on that site in 1842 by Warren Sweetser, a prominent figure in the towns economic life in the 19th century. Sweetser owned a local dry goods retail store, and served for many years as the town postmaster. He was also involved in a small scale in the towns cottage shoemaking industry, which dominated its economy. Because Stonehams economy grew slowly during the time the Greek Revival was in vogue, this house is one of its few high-style houses in that style.</p><br>
<p>After Warren Sweetser died in 1890, his heirs converted his house to a duplex, adding the entrance tower to the right, the dormers on the roof, and a modern service ell to the rear. The house was sold out of the Sweetser family in 1929, and was eventually converted to commercial use, given its proximity to Central Square. In 1999 it was purchased by a developer, who announced plans to raze the building and redevelop the site. The town located a preservationist will to buy and move the structure, which was moved to a temporary location later that year. It was moved to its present location in 2000, although the lot is too small to accommodate the 1890s service ell, which was demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Jesse Tay House is a historic house at 51 Elm Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. The two-story wood-frame house, built c. 1810 for Jesse Tay, is one of Stoneham&#39;s best-preserved Federal style houses. It has a side-gable roof, asymmetrically placed chimneys, and a four-bay facade with irregular placement of windows and entrance. The entrance is sheltered by a portico with a fully pedimented gable, and square supporting posts. Ells project to the rear and left side. Tay was a farmer and shoemaker, and it is possible that one of the additions was used by him or other family members for the home-based manufacture of shoes.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The R.P. Turnbull House is a historic house at 6 Pine Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. The ornately decorated Italianate house was built c. 1865 for R. P. Turnbull, a partner in the Tidd Tannery. The main block of the house follows a typical Italianate three-bay plan with a large central cross gable section on the roof. The central entry is sheltered by an elaborately decorated porch, and the flanking bay windows are topped by roof sections with decorative brackets. The main cornice is studded with paired brackets, and the gable ends have decorative shingle work around round-arch windows, with some Stick style decorative woodwork at the point of the gable.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Caleb Wiley House is a historic house at 125 North Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. Built c. 1826, this -story wood-frame house is one of Stonham&#39;s best-preserved late Federal period houses. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Caleb Wiley House is set on the north side of North Street, a major east–west route through residential areas of northwestern Stoneham, amid 20th-century residential houses that are mostly on smaller lots. It is a -story wood-frame house, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof, twin rear-wall chimneys, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. Window and door surrounds are simple, with the second-floor windows butting against the cornice, a typical Federal period feature. Its front door is sheltered by a portico that is early 20th century in appearance, and has flanking sidelight windows. A screen porch is attached to the left side, and a modern addition is attached to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1826 by Caleb Wiley, at a time when North Street was lined with larger properties mainly in agricultural use. The original 47 acre lot of this house has long since been subdivided into residences, but this property retains mature plantings, and the main house is relatively little-altered since its construction.</p><br>
<p>The Micah Williams House is a historic house at 342 William Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. The -story Greek Revival cottage was built c. 1830 by Micah Williams. Unlike many Greek Revival buildings, which have the gable end facing the street, this one has the front on the roof side, a more traditional colonial orientation. Its facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance sheltered by a hip-roof portico with square columns. The house was built by Williams  for his daughter.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Williams–Linscott House was a historic First Period house at 357 William Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. The oldest part of the house was said to date to c. 1712, but it is unclear to which part of the house this referred, on account of major alterations the house in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is believed to have begun as a four-room two-story structure built around a central chimney. This underwent significant alteration during the Federal period, including replacing the center chimney with smaller side chimneys, and the construction of four more rooms in front of the original four. Sometime around 1850 Micah Williams, a prosperous farmer, again refashioned the house in the then-popular Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The John Troupes Three-Decker is a historic triple decker house in Worcester, Massachusetts. When it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, this 1918 building was noted for its well preserved Colonial Revival details, included bracketed cornices, wide bands of shingling between clapboarded sections, and porches supported by Doric columns. Subsequent residing and alteration of the exterior has removed or covered over most of these features .</p><br>
<p>The Horatio Tower House is a historic house at 71 Pleasant Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is one of the few relatively intact surviving instances of Italianate styling on the west side of the city. This two story frame house was built for Horatio Tower, a local builder whose work included the American Antiquarian Society hall and Mechanics Hall. Although the building has some Greek Revival features , its significant Italianate features include the deep cornice with brackets, and a front entry porch supported by Corinthian columns and a similarly styled roof.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Building at 239 North Gay Street, also known as Spartana Electronics, is a historic building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a tall three-story iron-front structure of Italianate style built in 1875. It represents a Full Cast Iron Front and Major Exterior Cast Iron Detail type building. It was altered at street level by the construction of a modern store façade. Large window openings are flanked by Corinthian columns and headed by segmental arches. In 1974, the property was purchased by Anthony R. Spartana, who founded an electronic supplies business in 1925.</p><br>
<p>Building at 239 North Gay Street was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Boxhill, also called Winkworth, is a Georgian Revival house in Glenview, Kentucky, a small city east of Louisville, Kentucky. It was built in 1906 or 1910 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>As with other nearby mansions such as Lincliff, Boxhill reflects a period of Louisville history around the turn of the 20th century where wealthy Louisvillians built showcase homes along the Ohio River above Downtown Louisville. The 29 remaining mansions constitute the largest such collection along the 981-mile long river, and are among the best-preserved collections of turn-of-the-century estates in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William E. Chess, president of the Chess and Wymond Cooperage Company, built Boxhill on a 75 acre tract on the Ohio River that he bought in 1906. The house, located on a bluff above the river, was completed by 1910. The Georgian revival house is reputed to have been designed by Boston architect Joseph E. Chandler. The landscaping, including elaborate gardens and a long tree-lined mall leading from the road to the house, is thought to have been planned by Bryant Fleming, a landscape architect from Buffalo, New York.</p><br>
<p>Chess daughter, Mary Grace Chess Robinson, took over the property in 1917. She and her husband, Avery Robinson, vice-president of a cordage mill, lived on the estate until 1923, when they sold it to Henning Chambers, a brokerage firm executive. Portions of the original estate were sold off during the 1950s. In 1956 sidelights and a cast-iron balcony were added to the houses entry and a second story was added to a wing.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1970s Robert and Shirley Alexander from Chicago bought the property. In 1977 they were murdered in Boxhill by their stepson. He was diagnosed a schizophrenic and found incompetent to stand trial for the murder. As the mansion had been the site of a grisly double homicide, the bank which came to own it found no buyers despite offering it for sale for over three years. In 1980, Helen Combs, a veteran contractor who had restored dozens of older mansions in Louisville, purchased it for $355,000. She described the restoration process as unique, even for her, saying "The windows were out, plastic was over them, there was no furniture.... We got to this one room and opened the door, and saw big red cabbage roses on the walls, red carpet, red bedspreads and red lamps that glowed."</p><br>
<p>Combs intended to live in the house but her husband, former Kentucky governor Bert T. Combs, balked at the idea, referring to it as the "murder house". She sold the house in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The property was scheduled to be auctioned in September 2023 by Sotheby&#39;s International Realty. Proceeds were to benefit Bellarmine University, to whom the property was gifted by its former owners, Dr. Allan and Donna Lansing.</p><br>
<p>The Union Meeting House is a historic church at 2614 Burke Hollow Road in Burke, Vermont. Completed in 1826 as a worship space for four congregations, it is a well-preserved example of vernacular Federal architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Union Meeting House is located on the east side of the rural village of Burke Hollow, on the north side of Burke Hollow Road east of the village&#39;s central intersection. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. A three-stage square tower rises near the front of the roof, with a pilastered belfry stage topped by a narrow spire. The front facade is three bays wide, with a pair of entrances flanking a raised Palladian window. The entrances are each framed by pilasters and topped by corniced entablatures, and there are half-round fanlight windows above them, at the same level as the equivalent element of the central window. The interior retains many original 19th-century features, including box pews, and a pulpit placed at the front of the building instead of the more common rear.</p><br>
<p>The town of Burke was chartered in 1782 and first settled in the 1790s. Early religious meetings were typically held by itinerant ministers in private residences and barns, and there was early disagreement about which denomination an officially settled minister should belong to. Church and state were officially separated in Vermont in 1806. In 1825 a union committee was formed by local Baptist, Congregationalist, Methodist, and Universalist groups to oversee construction of this building, which was completed in 1826. All of the original congregations either died out or abandoned the building by 1870. The building, a good example of vernacular Federal period architecture, was included in Herbert Wheaton Congdons important Old Vermont Houses, in which he described the evolution of meeting house forms in rural Vermont. Local philanthropist Elmer Darling established a trust fund for the buildings restoration and maintenance on the 100th anniversary of its construction.</p><br>
<p>Hot Springs Historic District in North Carolina is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The National Park Service states:</p><br>
<p>This district is significant as the historic center of a small mountain community in the northwest corner of Madison County, NC. Once natural warm springs were discovered by settlers in the early nineteenth century, the town became one of the earliest resort communities in the state.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in February, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The statue was the Highlighted Property of the Week when the National Park Service released its weekly list of February 13, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Calvary Episcopal Church, located at 102 North Second Street at Adams Avenue, in Memphis, Tennessee, in the United States, is an historic Episcopal church, founded August 6, 1832 by the Rev. Thomas Wright. The nave  is the oldest public building in continuous use in the city of Memphis and was designed by Calvary&#39;s second Rector, The Rev. Philip Alston. There were several later additions: a tower in 1848, the chancel in 1881, the Parish Hall in 1903, and the Education Building in 1992. As Calvary Episcopal Church and Parish House, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Parish Information</h2><br>
<p>Calvary is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of West Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Current clergy are:</p><br>
<p>The education wing houses the Calvary Place Child Care Center, which serves working parents in downtown Memphis. Since 1928, the volunteer-run Waffle Shop has provided downtown Memphians with a simple weekday lunch during the season of Lent. The profits support outreach ministries of congregations throughout the city.</p><br>
<p>In 2023 a moving truck full of organ pipes was stolen when being transported back from Boston to the church after being restored. The pipes and the moving truck were eventually discovered after the police received an anonymous tip.</p><br>
<p>Bankard-Gunther Mansion is a historic home located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a three-story, three bay wide, nine bay deep, flat roofed brick building built in 1866. It is a richly embellished Italianate style building built originally for Jacob J. Bankard, one of many enterprising and prominent butchers who flocked to "Butcher’s Hill", and later George Gunther, who established the Gunther Brewing Company in Baltimore. In 1919 the building became an important Baltimore charitable center to be used by the Hebrew Home for Incurables and the Emmanuel Center to provide humanitarian service to the community.</p><br>
<p>Bankard-Gunther Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Douglass Place is a group of historic rowhouses located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Built in 1892, it represents typical "alley houses" of the period in Baltimore, two narrow bays wide, two stories high over a cellar, with shed roofs pitched to the rear. Italianate influence is reflected in their segmental-arched window and door openings, and in the simple molded sheet metal cornices which crown the buildings. Frederick Douglass  constructed the five buildings as rental housing for blacks in the Fells Point area of Baltimore, where he had resided from the 1820s to 1838. The site was the location of the Dallas Street Station Methodist Episcopal Church, which he had attended while living in the area.</p><br>
<p>Douglass Place was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>House at 9 North Front Street is a historic home located in the in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a -story brick townhouse with a 2-story rear wing. It is three bays wide and two rooms deep. The main house features a gable roof with two dormers on each side and two interior chimneys connected by a parapet. The house is located at 9 North Front Street and was built by either John Beale Bordley or Charles Torrence circa 1790. The house was the residence of Thorowgood Smith, second Mayor of Baltimore . It rests on an area of downtown Baltimore traditionally known as “Old Town”. Even earlier on, it was known as “Jones Town”. This area was annexed to Baltimore in 1745 and its settlement predates that of Baltimore Town. More specifically, the house is located in a neighborhood known today as Shot Tower Park. Once part of a whole row of Conservative Conservative Georgian style brick masonry -story townhomes, this house is the last extant example on the street, and one of just a few 18th century townhouses remaining in all of Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>The House at 9 North Front Street was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Polish Home Hall is a historic building located in the waterfront industrial/commercial/residential and heavily ethnic community of Curtis Bay in southern Baltimore, Maryland, . Built on the southwest corner of Fairhaven Avenue  and Filbert Street near the top of the commanding heights overlooking to the east the sloping streets of the neighborhood of Curtis Bay, about four city blocks wide  and 15 blocks length .</p><br>
<p>Further east beyond the residential area is a wide belt of a waterfront industrial zone with numerous railroad tracks / sidings and yard plus piers and industrial buildings/warehouses and one of the longest manufacturing assembly plant structures on East Coast of the United States, built in 1887 and massively expanded in 1916 for a railroad foundry associated with the infamous Pullman Company, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois and its "company town" on the southside of the second largest city in America of Pullman, Illinois. Begun by famous inventor and industrialist George Pullman (1831–1897), for building railway passenger cars, overnight sleeping cars, dining and café cars, etc., plus storage/shipping box cars, coal and iron ore cars, cabooses and other various types of rolling stock and their constituent parts required like steel wheels, axles, brake systems, wheel assemblies that were required and much of that industrial hardware for transportation were manufactured by the South Baltimore foundry company along what was named Curtis Avenue, just west of the waterfront piers, cranes and loading machines with conveyor belts alongside the interspaced rail tracks in Curtis Bay due to its recent new convenient extensions of lines of trackage to the south of old Baltimore City to the southwest areas alongside the outer Baltimore Harbor shorelines of the lower main stem of the Patapsco River and its cove (water body) of Curtis Bay on the southwest shores and its tributary streams of Curtis Creek, Marley Creek and Furnace Branch creek in adjacent rural northern Anne Arundel County.</p><br>
<p>The new rail lines, yards, switching stations and bridges were installed in the early 1890s by the regional dominant line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, first rail passenger and freight line in the nation, begin in 1827–1828, over six decades before and now dominated the industry of the country.</p><br>
<p>This was the inspiring view from the second story assembly hall of the new town hall of Curtis Bay overlooking the. burgeoning busy harbor and railroads documented in a two-foot long panoramic fold-out printed photograph in a descriptive booklet pamphlet on the attributes for residences and industrial possibilities published in 1917 by Curtis Bay Terraces, Inc., a land development subsidiary of the longtime landowners, the South Baltimore Harbor and Improvement Company, seeking to add additional houses on the streets it had laid out on the higher hills to the west overlooking the original three-block wide street grid plat of the late 1880s of the predecessor developers known as the Patapsco Land Company of Baltimore City. This firm had been reorganized in 1874 from the earlier Patapsco Company of the 1850s pre-American Civil War developers of local Anne Arundel farmers and land owners combined with city financiers, businessmen, and a few far-seeing politicians who established and laid out the nearby town of Brooklyn, along the north-south road, (one of two parallel Baltimore-Annapolis thoroughfares of dirt/gravel) from the state capital and county seat of Annapolis, 20 miles south, towards Baltimore to the north.</p><br>
<p>The new Brooklyn town, named after the similarly sited predecessor city of Brooklyn, New York, founded in the 17th century, it too named for an earlier Dutch city in the Netherlands in Europe.</p><br>
<p>The Maryland Brooklyn was two miles to the northwest from the cove / river inlet Curtis Bay in 1853, 34 years earlier along the south and east shores of the Ferry Branch (now Middle Branch) of the Patapsco River, on the northern reaches of Anne Arundel County, second oldest in the state and also directly south of the city established and laid out in 1729, and the county seat for then surrounding Baltimore County created in 1659.</p><br>
<p>The new village of Brooklyn was connected by a mile-long wooden trestle span, the Light Street Bridge (or also known as the Long Bridge or Brooklyn Bridge). Constructed in 1856, three years after the town and replaced the earlier ferry since colonial times, which unfortunately charged tolls considered too high and expensive, and also provided easy road access to Curtis Bay and by 1895, an electric streetcar service.</p><br>
<p>The Curtis Bay Town Hall of 1905/1909 (and later Polish Home Hall by 1925) is a large two-story (with a third story attic under a sloping shingle roof), structure of masonry / dark red brick with stone trim, of vernacular Beaux-Arts architectural style building bearing classical features and symmetry. It was constructed about 1905 as the town hall, real estate/developers offices, volunteer fire company station, and a meeting/assembly hall on the large second floor for the small community of Curtis Bay within the southern limits of the City of Baltimore, to which it was absorbed in the third major annexation in municipal history in January 1919, from adjoining northern Anne Arundel County as the city also expanded in the other three directions – north, east and west into surrounding Baltimore County also.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, the United Polish Societies purchased the building from the developing firm of the South Baltimore Harbor and Improvement Company and renamed it Polish Home Hall and it became central to the increasing Polish immigrant influx experience in Curtis Bay which had been flooding in along with large numbers of other Eastern European nationalities coming in from overseas through the Locust Point immigration station and piers for the B.&O. Railroad and their connections with the North German Lloyd shipping line in Bremen and Hamburg, the second largest immigration station in the United States, next to New York Citys Ellis Island, since the early 1900s, This added tremendously to the original heavily Anglo-English and German residents originally predominating since the towns founding in the late 1880s. Curtis Bay underwent a radical transformation and evolved and grew quite differently from more "Americanized" residential suburb of nearby Brooklyn, with much less industrial and port / railroad development. The newly acquired Polish Home Hall soon functioned as a social, educational, and political center for Curtis Bays growing expanding Polish community (along with several other East European peoples attracted to the same community of neighboring Slavic immigrants, with the second largest numbers of Poles and others in a Baltimore neighborhood besides near Fells Point and adjacent Canton or Highlandtown communities, further northeast across the Patapsco River / Baltimore Harbor in the southeast part of the city, which remained heavily ethnic Polish into the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>After over a century of little appreciation and recognition, the Polish Home Hall in Curtis Bay was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, maintained by the National Park Service of the USA Department of the Interior in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Rombro Building is a historic loft building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a six-story loft building constructed in 1881, and designed as a double warehouse. The first floor storefronts feature brick, stone, terra cotta, and cast iron framing and reflects the Queen Anne style in its facade organization and detailing.</p><br>
<p>Rombro Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Sonneborn Building, also known as Paca-Pratt Building, is a historic loft building in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Designed by Theodore Wells Pietsch, it is a nine-story loft building constructed in 1905 of "fireproof" reinforced-concrete construction, faced in buff-colored brick, with a coursed ashlar foundation and stone trim. Its detailing reflects the Neoclassical Revival of the early 20th century. It was built for Henry Sonneborn and Company as a vertical clothing manufactory and was the tallest and largest strictly manufacturing building in the city of Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>Sonneborn Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Loft Historic District South.</p><br>
<p>Turner-White Casket Co. Building was a historic loft building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was a six-story loft building constructed in 1893 in the Romanesque style. Its façade organization and detailing featured brick, stone, and cast iron elements. It was two bays wide and six stories high with a full basement.</p><br>
<p>It was constructed as a factory with street level display rooms that was rehabilitated in the 1990s. The Turner-White Casket Co. occupied the building from 1931 to 1965. A 2012 photograph shows that a parking lot now occupies the building site.</p><br>
<p>Turner-White Casket Co. Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Wilkens–Robins Building is a historic loft building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1871 and is a five-story, six-bay brick structure with a cast iron front. It is approximately 80 ft tall, 50 ft wide, and 110 ft deep with a gently sloping roof. The facade features an expanse of oversized windows and are the highlights of one of the few surviving cast-iron facades in Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>The Wilkens–Robins Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store is a historic warehouse and retail building in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is an eight-story  concrete structure and is roughly shaped like a squared-off number "4". The front features a penthouse tower at the main entrance bay with a balcony and capped by a flagpole. The building houses over 1,200,000 ft&sup2; of floor space flooded by light from approximately 1,000 large multi-paned, steel frame windows. It was built about 1925 as a mail order and retail warehouse for Montgomery Ward on an 11 acre site adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tracks. The complex was one of nine large warehouses built by the company in the United States.</p><br>
<p>From 2001 to 2002, the vacant warehouse was restored as an office building by Himmelrich Associates, Inc. for Maryland Department of the Environment, M&T Bank and other tenants.</p><br>
<p>Montgomery Ward Warehouse and Retail Store was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Poppleton Fire Station, also known as Engine House #38, is a historic fire station located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a Tudor Revival style building built of brick, one large bay wide, approximately nine bays long, and two stories high with a gable roof. The front façade is a brick and limestone composition featuring a central, Tudor archway flanked by octagonal towers and crowned with crenellation. The archway features engaged colonettes with carved, foliated capitals containing firemen racing to extinguish a fire. It was designed by Owens and Sisco and built in 1910.</p><br>
<p>Poppleton Fire Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Walters Bath No. 2 is a historic bath house located in southwest Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a small brick building of 40 by laid in Flemish bond with black headers and Maryland limestone trimming. It was constructed in a very simplified form of Renaissance Revival architecture popularized at the turn of the 20th century. The bath house in the 900 block, Washington Boulevard  in the southwest area of Pigtown / Washington Village, was built for the City of Baltimore by Henry Walters , who contributed four bath houses to the city. It was co-designed by architect George Archer , and constructed in 1901. Architect Archer was trained at Princeton University and lived in a landmark townhouse of white marble at the southeast corner of North Charles and West Madison Streets, facing Washington Place and the famous Washington Monument. The public bath system was abolished 60 years later, at the end of 1959 with the general extension of indoor plumbing and public water systems in the city&#39;s densely packed row houses residential neighborhoods.</p><br>
<p>Walters Bath No. 2 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office and Courthouse is a historic combined post office and Federal courthouse located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building occupies an entire city block and measures east-west by north-south. It is of steel frame construction with concrete floors and tile roof, basement of granite, and outer walls of white Indiana limestone. The structure is six stories in height and provided with basement and two sub-basements. It was completed in 1932 under the supervision the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore, and features classical ornamentation.</p><br>
<h2>Cases</h2><br>
<p>Some notable court cases held in this building include:</p><br>
<p>1934: Judge W. Calvin Chesnut became the first jurist to strike down a New Deal Act of Congress.</p><br>
<p>1948: Alger Hiss filed a libel suit against Whittaker Chambers</p><br>
<p>1968 and 1969: the Berrigans were indicted in this courthouse for destroying Federal records as a protest against the Vietnam War.</p><br>
<p>1973: Vice President Spiro T. Agnew pleaded nolo contendere to tax evasion and resigned as Vice President.</p><br>
<p>2009: Mayor Sheila Dixon was tried for 12 counts including perjury, theft and misconduct. She was convicted of fraudulent misappropriation and eventually resigned as mayor as part of a plea bargain in the Sheila Dixon trial.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>The USA Post Office and Courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It has since been conveyed to the City of Baltimore, and is in use by the Baltimore city courts. For many years, the courthouse was known colloquially as Courthouse East. On January 17, 2020, Baltimore Mayor Bernard C. Jack Young announced that the courthouse would be renamed the Elijah E. Cummings Courthouse in honor of the late 12-term United States Representative and civil rights activist from Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>Eastern Female High School, also known as Public School No. 116, is a historic female high school located on the southeast corner of the 200 block of North Aisquith Street and Orleans Street, in the old Jonestown / Old Town neighborhoods, east of Downtown Baltimore and now adjacent to the recently redeveloped Pleasant View Gardens housing project / neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1869-1870 and is typical of the Italian Villa mode of late 19th-century architecture. It was dedicated in a large ceremony with speeches later published in a printed pamphlet and attending crowds in early 1870. Old Eastern High is a two-story brick structure that features a square plan, three corner towers , and elaborate bracketing cornices, with a similar wood decorated porch/portico over front entrance on its west side facing Aisquith Street.</p><br>
<p>Eastern Female High School was founded (along with its twin sister secondary school Western High School) in 1844 and was one of the pioneer high schools in the country devoted to secondary education for women. It was designed by Baltimore architect Colonel R. Snowden Andrews (1830-1903), also a former officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, the girls high school moved to larger, better equipped quarters further northeast in the city at the southeast corner of Broadway and East North Avenue (the former Samuel Gompers Vocational High School building, 1938–1953), where it remained for another three decades until 1938, when it moved to East 33rd Street and Loch Raven Boulevard (Eastern High School (Baltimore)), until it closed in the late 1980s. Then the old girls school building on Aisquith and Orleans was used as an elementary school through the early 1970s. Later in the 1970s the building was converted into apartments.</p><br>
<p>The city transferred the building to Sojourner-Douglass College in 2003 after the institution paid $150,000. The college, which also operated in several other former buildings of the Baltimore City Public Schools, ceased operation in 2015. In August 2016 the City of Baltimore listed the building on a foreclosure auction and sold it in 2017. It was to be developed into an entertainment and arts center, but the building remains vacant as of 2019.</p><br>
<p>Eastern Female High School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>McKims School, also known as McKims Free School, is a historic school located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is an archaeologically accurate Greek-style building. The front façade is designed after the Temple of Hephaestus, or Temple of Theseus, in Athens, Greece in granite. Six freestone Doric columns, 17 ft tall, support the entablature and pediment. The sides were derived from the north wing of the Propylaia on the Acropolis of Athens. The building site was funded by Quaker merchant Jon McKim who funded a trust for poor students managed by his son Isaac after his death in 1819. It was designed by Baltimore architects William Howard and William Small and erected in 1833. It served as a school and youth training center until 1945, when the building was adapted for use as the McKim Community Center. In 1972 the building was sold by trustees to the city.</p><br>
<p>McKim&#39;s School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>It is included in the Baltimore Heritage Walk.</p><br>
<p>Wildcliff, also referred to as the Cyrus Lawton House, was a historic residence overlooking Long Island Sound in New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York. This 20-room cottage-villa, built in about 1852, was designed by prominent architect Alexander Jackson Davis in the Gothic Revival style. The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 2002.</p><br>
<p>The unoccupied mansion was destroyed by a suspicious fire on the evening of November 26, 2018. The house was a total loss. On December 12, 2018, four 13-year old, middle school boys (all local, New Rochelle residents) were arrested and charged in connection with the fire. All were charged as juveniles with misdemeanor third-degree criminal trespass, while one faces a felony charge of fourth-degree arson.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Designed in 1852 by Alexander Jackson Davis, one of the preeminent American architects of the nineteenth century, the house was sited to take full advantage of the dramatic views of the water. Davis’ original plan envisioned the family sitting on the villa&#39;s front porch and looking out over the spectacular scenery. The beauty of the house and its site were accented by the progression of the entry drive. The visitor originally entered the property from the north along a private road. The curving drive ascended toward the house, proceeding toward Echo Bay and curving around to the front door. The family who first commissioned the design was one Cyrus Lawton, a close friend of Mr. Davis. Mrs. Lawton was a member of the prominent Davenport family, for whom the entire area is named, and the house was a wedding gift to the couple.</p><br>
<p>Wildcliff was erected in the early 1850s, during a period when New Rochelle was beginning its transformation from a rural farming community into a residential suburb. Improvements in transportation permitted affluent families to build homes in New Rochelle and commute to work in nearby New York City. The land along the scenic north shore of Long Island Sound was especially sought after and many of Davis designs were built here. His smaller homes were called "cottages", and the more substantial ones "villas", however the terms were frequently combined. Among their typical features were prominent, steep-roofed gables, with elaborately carved bargeboards under their eaves. Wildcliff is one of two "cottage-villas" built by Davis on New Rochelles waterfront peninsula, Davenport Neck, the other being "Sans Souci" (or Davenport House).</p><br>
<p>After Cyrus Lawtons death in 1902, the property was inherited by his son Newberry Lawton Davenport. It was later purchased by Julius and Clara Prince who moved into the home in 1914. Clara Prince donated Wildcliff to the City of New Rochelle in 1940 with the hopes that it would be used as a natural science museum. Clara Princes obituary, "Mrs. Julius Prince", The New York Times, September 14, 1941, page 49, notes that she was a "philanthropist who had given generously to educational projects" and that she was especially known for the donation of Wildcliff to New Rochelle in 1940, ten years after the city had tried in vain to purchase the property. It has since been used for a variety of purposes including a youth museum and performing arts center. Around 1970 a wing housing a theater was added at one corner of the house but the main structure remains intact.</p><br>
<p>Since late 2010, the local organization Jen&#39;s Community at Wildcliff has been working with the City of New Rochelle and its citizens to bring awareness to the building and to create a preschool and education center.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Wildcliff is a -story house faced primarily in rubblestone of various colors. These stones give the picturesque design a natural quality, as if the building were rising out of the landscape. For a house in the Northeast, Downing prescribed a design with high roofs, thick walls, warm rooms, and chimneys. The original front facade of the building was on the southern portion of the present house facing Long Island Sound, now partially obscured by the out-of-character one story addition used as a theater. This facade originally had a -story central gable with a pair of windows on the first</p><br>
<p>story looking out over the water. In the mid-1860s, Davis designed additions to the house in the same style with special efforts made so that the changes would be as inconspicuous as possible. Bargeboards and other ornamental details match exactly and stonework was laid so that there would be no sign of the joint between the old and new sections.</p><br>
<p>Later owners Julius and Clara Prince were responsible for the second major expansion to the home which was done in the half-timbered Tudor style. The additions consisted of the construction of a porte-cochere, a new entrance on the south facade of the home, and the conversion of the original entrance into a long, twelve-part window.</p><br>
<p>The original plan of the house can still be read on the interior. To the south is the original library and entrance hall, now combined into one space. On the upper floors are bedrooms with steeply sloping walls reflecting their locations within the gables. The attic retains some original floorboards and four paneled doors with original knobs. The interior retains much of its historic plan and some historic fittings, but much of the interior detail has been lost.</p><br>
<p>Hendler Creamery is a historic industrial complex in Jonestown, Baltimore, Maryland. Since it spans an entire block it has addresses at 1100 E. Baltimore St. and 1107 E. Fayette St. "The Hendler Creamery is historically significant for its contribution to the broad patterns of history in three areas of significance: transportation, performing arts, and industry."</p><br>
<h2>Varying usages</h2><br>
<h3>Construction and architect</h3><br>
<p>The Hendler Creamery consists of two adjacent building complexes. The original 59,340 ft&sup2; three-story brick Richardsonian Romanesque building was constructed as a cable car powerhouse in 1892, replacing five old houses on the site in the Old Town / Jonestown neighborhood east of the downtown neighborhood and the dividing Jones Falls stream in East Baltimore. This use necessitated massive arched doors and a mezzanine floor. The construction is of red face brick with red mortar joints and Potomac red Seneca stone trim, and contains much architectural detailing. The front on East Baltimore Street includes four large contiguous Romanesque Revival half-round arched openings with four pairs of rectangular window openings directly above these. In reviewing plans for the building, the influential "The Sun" newspaper descriptively wrote at the time of February 1892, that "it would be one of the most prominent structures in that part of the city" and continued, "Economy, durability and simplicity are the controlling motives of the design, and a practical power-house, with a proper regard for architectural proportions and effect, without unnecessary ornamentation, is expected to be the result."</p><br>
<p>Additions for later owners including Hendler&#39;s Creamery for dairy products and their locally famous brand of ice cream, were built in 1915-20 and 1949. It is also connected to a one-story brick building built in the 1960s. The second building complex is a 33,504 ft&sup2; brick warehouse structure built from 1923 to 1927.</p><br>
<p>The architect was Jackson C. Gott (1829-1909), a Baltimore-based architect who is survived by eight buildings currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places maintained by the United States Department of the Interior and its National Park Service. In the same year that the Jonestown cable-car powerhouse was built, Gott also designed in the northern area of the expanding city, the currently named Charles Theatre building on North Charles Street by East Lanvale Street (few blocks south of North Avenue, previously named Boundary Avenue as the old northern city limits from 1818 to 1888), also for the B.C.P.R. It too served as a cable-car powerhouse, in this case for the BCPR&#39;s 2.2 mile Blue Line, which ran south to north, essentially along Charles Street, from South Street by East Pratt Street on the downtown harbor waterfront and financial district to 25th Street (then named Huntingdon Avenue) in the Peabody Heights (now renamed Charles Village) neighborhood, being recently developed by the 1870s on the north edge of the city. The structure later served for several purposes including a dance hall as the Famous Ballroom through the 20th century until presently renovated into a prominent multi-screen movie theater in the recently renamed Mid-Town Station North neighborhood. In the 1890s, Gott further designed two other well-known extant Baltimore buildings: the additional landmark with a dark gray granite stone central pyramidal tower and the west/south wings facing on Greenmount Avenue and Eager & Forrest Streets for the northern/eastern extensions of the old Maryland Penitentiary, founded 1806, previously facing on East Madison Street, (now renamed the Metropolitan Transition Center in the 2010s) in 1894, and the Southern District Police Station for the Baltimore City Police Department at 28 East Ostend Street (between South Charles and Light Streets) in the old South Baltimore / Federal Hill neighborhood in 1896.</p><br>
<h3>Cable-car powerhouse</h3><br>
<p>As a cable-car powerhouse for the Baltimore City Passenger Railway Company from 1892 to 1898, the building played an important role in Baltimores transportation history as cable-car mass transit was first developed to replace the horse-car lines operating for half a century since the late 1850s. According to the Maryland Historical Trust, the building powered the run of cable from Gay Street to North Avenue, using two Reynolds compound non-condensing Corliss steam engines, 24" + 38" x 60". These propelled a sheave which pulled a continuous loop of cable and moved the car at a speed of around 11 miles per hour. Just like a subway line today, this line was designated by a color, the Red Line, and ran from East North Avenue, south down North Gay Street, curving around to the east on East Baltimore Street, and then on further east to Bank Street and Patterson Park in East Baltimores developing Highlandtown neighborhood. The total mileage distance was 10.7.</p><br>
<p>Electric-powered cars with overhead lines began replacing cable cars on the Red Line on August 30, 1898, as a more economical and faster means of mass transit. Cables were removed immediately, but the expense of extracting the underground pulleys, sheaves and other steel/iron fittings was too much, and in most instances they were just covered over as streets were gradually repaired and resurfaced with bricks, cobblestones / Belgian blocks or later concrete / asphalt. With the switchover, The Baltimore City Passenger Railway Company was absorbed into Baltimore&#39;s merged trolley monopoly in the late 1890s with the formation of the United Railways and Electric Company (later the Baltimore Transit Company after a bankruptcy and reorganization in 1935, adding transit diesel powered buses to the extensive streetcar system), and power was generated at the newly constructed pile of the massive huge red brick Pratt Street Power Plant, situated on the waterfront at municipal Pier 4, facing the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River and its "Basin" (later known as the Inner Harbor). UREC held onto the landmark industrial building with its electric generators connected to great furnaces and boilers for steam power with four parallel smokestacks and conveyor belt system for loading coal ore fuel from moored harbor barges connected to waterfront terminal facilities further south in the Baltimore Harbor of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the Western Maryland Railway trains from the mines in the Appalachian Mountains to the West, for a few decades, using the rear half as a "trouble station" for trolleys and renting out the front to the USA Navy (Maryland) Naval Reserves for use as a drill-room.</p><br>
<p>In all, the two later competing Baltimore cable-car companies (themselves a product of mid and late 19th century mergers and consolidations), the Baltimore Traction Company (BTC) and Baltimore City Passenger Railway (BCPR), built six powerhouses scattered through the city, three each. This was a very significant capital expense for an industrial enterprise that only lasted from 1891 to 1899. Of the three and a half surviving powerhouses, the later Hendler Creamery building on East Baltimore Street between East and Lloyd Streets is the only one listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As mentioned above, another Gott designed powerhouse survives today as the Charles Theatre (BCPR) building, while the third totally extant powerhouse (BTC) lies three blocks south at 1110 East Pratt Street by Central Avenue (formerly Canal Street and before that the Hartford Run stream). The latter was most recently used as the Pratt Street Garage of the Baltimore City Department of Public Works - Solid Waste Division. It is now boarded up and waiting some kind of adaptive re-use. It stretches a full block, between East Pratt and Granby Streets, and is surrounded by Albemarle Square, a 15 block rebuilt and revitalized area that replaced a 1950s era of the high-rise towers of the now dilapidated and crime ridden Flag House Courts public housing projects, with a new surrounding neighborhood of multi-priced townhouse residences renamed Albemarle Square, which resembled the previous 19th and early 20th centuries tightly packed blocks of brick rowhouses of the old original Old Town / Jonestown communities founded in the 1760s.</p><br>
<p>While not having the architectural flair of Stanford White&#39;s nine-story Beaux-Arts Cable Building on lower Broadway in New York City, the Hendler Creamery is one of the absolute gems of the American cable powerhouses that have survived. For the most part these structures evidenced utilitarian, warehouse style construction, which can be seen clearly in the still extant LaSalle Street Cable Car Powerhouse in Chicago, Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The only other architecturally significant Baltimore cable-car powerhouse, the former Baltimore Traction Companys Druid Hill Avenue powerhouse and car barn, south of Druid Hill Park in the northwest city, lost half of its structure in 2005 in a spectacular 5 - alarm blaze. It is a massive Victorian and Romanesque-style red brick-and-stone trim structure. The Epworth Powerhouse (BTC) on Mosher Street in West Baltimore had been torn down years before (see drawing below in gallery). It is a lesson in a sites metamorphoses: going from a church to a powerhouse to a dry cleaning plant, and finally, after demolition, to a high-rise apartment building standing today. The last powerhouse (BCPR) on South Eutaw Street, south of West Baltimore Street, succumbed long ago to the pressures of razing and urban redevelopment.</p><br>
<h3>Yiddish theatre</h3><br>
<p>After the replacement of the cable car by electric trolleys, the Hendler Creamery was then converted into a performance space by Baltimore-born James Lawrence Kernan (1838-1912). He was a theater manager, entrepreneur, and philanthropist, who earlier in his life had fought for the Confederates, been captured and held as a prisoner till the war&#39;s end at the brutal Point Lookout Prisoner-of-War Camp at the confluence of the Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River. Returning to civilian life, among other ventures, he started a combination hotel and German Rathskeller and founded a hospital, which survives today as the University of Maryland Rehabilitation & Orthopaedic Institute.</p><br>
<p>Under Kernans ownership, a second floor, containing an auditorium and dressing rooms, was installed above the first-floor engine room. He named it the Convention Hall Theater. It operated primarily as a Yiddish theater from 1903 to 1912, serving the largely Jewish immigrant population. Some of the citys earliest motion pictures were also shown here by Kernan. Yiddish theater was first performed in Baltimore in the mid-1880s at Concordia Hall, an aristocratic club of Baltimore German Jews. It burnt down in 1891.</p><br>
<p>The buildings conversion to a theater links it to Baltimores early-20th century performing arts history, which includes melodrama, movies, opera, vaudeville, as well as the Yiddish theater.</p><br>
<h3>Hendler Ice Cream Company</h3><br>
<p>The buildings most important and longest historical legacy came when it was purchased by the Hendler Ice Cream Company in 1912 for $40,000 and converted to the countrys first fully automated ice cream factory.</p><br>
<p>Besides producing one of Baltimores favorite brands of ice cream, it played a major role in the development of the nations ice cream business. Many important pioneering industry innovations were developed over the next 50 years in this building, including new kinds of packaging; the blade sharpener, which produced smoother ice cream; and fast freezing, which allowed ice cream to be frozen with a liquid cream texture. The adjoining building at 1107 East Fayette Street, built in the 1920s as part of the Hendler Creamery complex, is also significant, notably in the creation of one of the nations first ice cream delivery systems by refrigerated truck. As the Maryland Historical Society noted in a blog posting, The Velvet Kind: The Sweet Story of Hendlers Creamery, "The ice cream was virtually everywhere in Maryland, as it was distributed to over 400 stores at the company’s peak, which kept the production lines humming. The factory ran six days a week with vanilla ice cream being made almost everyday. Vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry were production mainstays, but the creamery dabbled in more exotic flavors as well. Hutzlers department store sold several varieties, including ginger and peppermint. For the Southern Hotel, Hendlers supplied a tomato sorbet which was served as a side dish rather than dessert. The eggnog ice cream was produced each year at Christmas time. Hendler made with real rum, was a major hit. The factory also cranked out other holiday-themed products, such as an Independence Day treat made with vanilla, strawberry, and blueberry ice creams and a Mother’s Day cake topped with a silk screen of James McNeill Whistler’s portrait of his mother."</p><br>
<p>The creamery closed in the 1970s. The nearby Jewish Museum of Maryland has an extensive archive of Hendler Company and family memorabilia.</p><br>
<h2>Historic preservation designation</h2><br>
<p>The Hendler Creamery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Reuse</h2><br>
<p>Following a fourth incarnation as a warehouse and city social services agency, the Hendler Creamery buildings are, as of the spring of 2014, being planned for refurbishment. The Commercial Group, a Maryland-based real estate and construction company, bought the building in 2012 for $1.08 million, and is planning a $51 million adaptive re-use, featuring 276 units, along with up to 11,000 sq ft of retail. The project includes exclusive amenities such as multiple outdoor courtyards, a pool deck overlooking the Baltimore skyline, basketball courts, and a yoga studio. Kirby Fowler, president of Downtown Partnership of Baltimore Inc., said redevelopment of the Hendler building would be the next chapter in a decade-long revival for Jonestown. “When you think about what that area used to be like 12 years ago, we’ve gone lightyears toward improvement,” Fowler said. “Albermarle Square is this incredibly progressive mixed-income project that came as the result of some HUD money and federal support, and it’s really helped expand Little Italy and Fells Point further north. There’s already progress heading in that direction, and this just continues that.”</p><br>
<p>Baltimore City officials have said that they view this location—two blocks east of the iconic Shot Tower, seven blocks west of the bustling campus of The Johns Hopkins Hospital and nine blocks north of the contemporary mixed-use development project Harbor East—as critical to attractively tying together the Hopkins medical facilities and Downtown Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>On March 14, 2023, Baltimore&#39;s Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation (CHAP) declined to block the demolition of the already partially demolished historic property. Plans are for the development of a community green space in its place.</p><br>
<p>South Central Avenue Historic District is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It contains brick two- and three-story industrial and residential buildings reflecting over 150 years of utilitarian adaptation of buildings and space. The district includes early 19th century rowhouses, late 19th century and early 20th century manufacturing and warehouse buildings, gas stations, stables, car barns, commercial/residential buildings, and corner stores. Several larger buildings are the Bagby Furniture Company Building , the Strauss Malt House , and the Alameda School. Many rowhouses have been covered with formstone.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Little Montgomery Street Historic District is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is composed of approximately 15 19th century brick houses, some of which are double, that line the 100-block of West Montgomery Street and the northwestern portion of the 800 block of Leadenhall Street. All the buildings are small in scale and of brick construction, abut the sidewalks, are closely spaced, and are generally two to three stories high with two-bay façades. Nine of the structures are "half houses" that are only one room deep with a single pitch roof. The district is associated with a working class urban community where, throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries Baltimore&#39;s native poor, struggling German and Irish immigrants, and freed southern African-Americans lived side by side competing for the same space and the same railroad and port-related jobs.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Gay Street Historic District is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a notable example of a late-19th and early-20th century commercial corridor in a developing urban area. It includes a high concentration of small-scale commercial buildings or light manufacturing enterprise structures. It contains buildings displaying Victorian Eclectic, Beaux Arts, Italianate, and Romanesque elements, including two full-front, cast-iron buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Loft Historic District North is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It includes 12 large 19th–early 20th century vertical brick manufacturing buildings centering on Paca, Redwood, and Eutaw Streets near the University of Maryland Campus in downtown Baltimore. Most of the buildings are still used for manufacturing purposes, although a few, including the Heiser, Rosenfeld, and Strauss buildings, have been converted into loft apartments or offices. They are representative of Romanesque, Victorian, and early modern industrial architectural design. It was in this area that Baltimore&#39;s garment industry grew to national importance.</p><br>
<p>The Loft Historic District North was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Loft Historic District South is a national historic district in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It includes seven large brick manufacturing buildings on both sides of the 500 block of West Pratt Street near the University of Maryland campus in downtown Baltimore. Of the seven buildings, four have been converted into a loft apartment building complex known as the Greenehouse. The district includes the Sonneborn Building.</p><br>
<p>The Loft Historic District South was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Dundalk Historic District is a national historic district in Baltimore, and Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The district is a cohesive unit made up of residential, commercial, and institutional buildings with structures that generally date from 1910 to 1940. Major architectural styles represented include Period Revival  and Art Deco/Streamline Moderne. The District includes 962 resources contribute to its significance. It includes the only two housing developments built by the United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation  in Maryland during World War I and reflects experimentation with Garden City planning ideals. Many of the buildings within the District represent the work of noted Baltimore architect Edward L. Palmer Jr.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>John Sutton Hall is the Old Main building of Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Constructed between 1873 and 1875, the building was the first constructed for the Indiana Normal School. In 1903, the building was named after John Sutton, the first president of the school&#39;s board of trustees. Sutton Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Sutton, a merchant from Indiana, Pennsylvania, purchased land to establish a normal school to train women to become teachers. In 1873, construction of the building began. The Main Building was designed by James W. Drum, who also designed the original Indiana County Courthouse and the St. Bernards Roman Catholic Church. Construction was completed in 1875 with a final cost of $141,115, including furnishings. In the schools early years the building functioned as the entire school, containing classrooms, dormitories, an infirmary, a dining hall, and a gymnasium. In 1903, the building was officially named after Sutton. That same year, the north and south wings were extended to the west, and Thomas Sutton Dining Hall was added adjacent to the main building. In 1920, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania assumed control of the school. The name was changed to in 1927. It became Indiana State College in 1959. The college achieved university status in 1965 and became Indiana University of Pennsylvania. As more buildings at the school were constructed, activities were decentralized from Sutton Hall.</p><br>
<p>Sutton Hall was originally scheduled for renovations in the 1970s, but the Pennsylvania Department of Education advised that available funds would be insufficient to support the renovation and the $16 million library the university was planning. The decision to demolish the building was made in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Works</h2><br>
<p>. Indiana University of Pennsylvania</p><br>
<p>Busovicki, John F.. Arcadia Publishing, 2003.</p><br>
<p>. Foundation for Indiana University of Pennsylvania</p><br>
<p>The Armsby Block is an historic mixed-use residential and commercial building at 144-148 Main Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in 1885 to a design by noted local architect Stephen Earle, it is a well-preserved example of Panel Brick architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Armsby Block is located on the west side of Main Street on the northern stretch of its downtown, adjacent to the former Elwood Adams Store. It is a five-story masonry structure, with a brick facade. The ground floor has two storefronts, which flank the recessed main building entrance. Brick piers separate each of these elements, and are topped by a frieze band and rusticated sandstone stringcourse. Upper level windows are set in rectangular openings with sandstone sills and lintels, and panels of brickwork between the second, third and fourth levels; a sandstone stringcourse separates the fourth and fifth floors. The building is crowned by a band of brick corbelling and a parapet with a central gable.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Stephen Earle and built in 1885. It originally housed stores on the ground floor and a boarding house on the upper floors. It was built by the estate of George Armsby, who had been secretary of Worcester&#39;s Munroe Organ Reed Company. The principal alterations to the building over time were to the storefronts; these changes have largely been reversed. It currently contains offices for the Worcester County Sheriff and a restaurant at street level.</p><br>
<p>The Ash Street School is a historic school building at 4 Ash Street in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States. The Italianate style school was built as part of a wave of school construction in the city between 1848 and 1855, and is the city&#39;s second oldest surviving school. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is presently home to a local land conservation organization.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Ash Street School stands in what is now a heavily industrialized and commercialized area south of downtown Worcester, on the north side of Ash Street west of Green Street. The lot it occupies is at the crest of a hill, making it highly visible. It is a square three story brick building with a low hip roof that has a deep bracketed cornice. Each facade has four bays, separated by piers that rise to corbelling just below the roof line. There are two entrances on each of the north and south sides, designed to provide separate entrances to boys and girls. It originally had a cupola, but that has been removed.</p><br>
<p>The school was built about 1850 to a design by noted local architect Elbridge Boyden, and was part of a major program by the city to expand its school facilities. At the time of its construction, the area where it stands was a densely populated neighborhood; it has since been largely redeveloped for industrial uses. The school was featured in architectural publications of the period (although one somewhat quixotically described it as a multiunit residence). At the time of its listing on the National Register, it was serving as a storehouse. It is presently home to the Greater Worcester Land Trust, a land conservation organization.</p><br>
<p>The Ashworth and Jones Factory is a historic building at 1511 Main Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is one of the architecturally finest mid 19th century factory buildings in the city. Built in 1870 and repeatedly enlarged, most of its sections retain high quality brickwork and mid-19th century Victorian styling. The factory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The complex has been converted into condominium residences known as Kettle Brook Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Ashworth and Jones Factory complex is located in far southwestern Worcester, near the town line with Leicester, on the south side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 9). The complex consists of a series of buildings that roughly form a U shape. The oldest portion is a four-story brick building, in which windows are set in recessed corbelled wall panels, with pilaster-like piers separating the windows. The lowest floor has windows only facing the ravine below where Kettle Brook flows. There is a clock tower on one corner that is topped by a flared mansard roof. The attached additions to the main block are one and two stories in height, and continue the styling and materials used in the original block, despite a forty-year construction range.</p><br>
<p>The factory site used for industrial purposes beginning early in the 19th century, and was purchased by Thomas Ashworth and Edward Jones in 1861, where they manufactured shoddy fabric (using recycled materials). The buildings in which they first operated have not survived. The present building&#39;s main block was built in 1870. In the 1880s the business was taken over by E. D. Thayer, who built many of the additions, and manufactured woolens until his death in 1907. George Duffy acquired the facility in 1910, and again enlarged the premises.</p><br>
<p>The Quinsigamond Firehouse is a historic fire station at 15 Blackstone River Road in Worcester, Massachusetts. Completed in 1892, it is a distinctive local example of Romanesque architecture, and served as a local firehouse until 1994. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Quinsigamond Firehouse is one of the institutional buildings making up the center of Quinsigamond village in southern Worcester; it stands on the east side of Blackstone River Road (formerly Millbury Street) across from the elementary school. It is a red brick structure, 2-1/2 stories in height, covered with a gable-on-hip roof. The main facade has a central equipment bay on the ground floor, flanked by slender windows and topped by a band of brownstone trim. The second floor has three central windows set in segmented-arch openings, flanked by single windows in round-arch openings. A wall dormer, with three windows in a Palladian arrangement, rises above, forming part of a parapet.</p><br>
<p>The firehouse was designed by Patston & Lincoln and built in 1891-92 by O. C. Ward for $7,112. It is stylistically similar to two other fire stations that were built about the same time in the city, differing from them in the presence of the second story and gable window arrangement. The station remained in service until 1994, when a new district station was built on McKeon Street. The building has been vacant since then, with rehabilitation most recently proposed in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Great Southern Hotel & Theatre is an historic hotel and theater building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The building currently operates as the Westin Great Southern Columbus and the Southern Theatre.</p><br>
<p>It opened on September 21, 1896 and is the oldest surviving theater in Central Ohio and one of the oldest in the state of Ohio. The Southern Theatre is currently owned and operated as a home for live concerts, plays and opera by CAPA (the Columbus Association for the Performing Arts). CAPA also manages several other venues in Columbus including the Ohio, the Palace, and the Lincoln Theatres.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1982. It was also included in the South High Commercial Historic District, added to those registers in 1983 and 1987, respectively.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Design</h3><br>
<p>Between 1889 and 1893 a series of fires destroyed five downtown Columbus theaters. As a result, a group of businessmen decided to develop a new hotel and theater with modern construction and safety features on the southern edge of downtown. The building was called "The Great Southern Fireproof Hotel and Opera House", and was designed by the local architectural firm of Dauben, Krumm, and Riebel. Construction began in 1894. Both the theater and the hotel were constructed of "fireproof" tile, brick, iron, steel, and concrete.</p><br>
<p>The theaters auditorium design was progressive for its day and was reminiscent of Louis H. Sullivans 1891 Schiller Theatre in Chicago. From the proscenium opening, a series of concentric arches dotted with incandescent electric lights radiate into the house, resulting in superior lighting and excellent acoustics. Built to be self-sufficient, the theater, one of the first commercial buildings in Columbus to use electricity, generated its own power. Additionally, the building had three wells in the basement, from which it produced its own water supply. and is an intimate "jewel box" type theater with two balconies.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Great Southern was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Theater use</h3><br>
<p>The Great Southern Theatre originally hosted theatrical touring productions. Sarah Bernhardt played in the theater in its first two decades. In the 1910s and 1920s the theater, now called the Southern, featured first run silent films and live vaudeville. From the 1930s on, the Southern was a popular home for second-run double features. In the 1970s the theater briefly returned to first run fare as the Towne Cinema, showing black exploitation movies. Throughout the 1970s the Southern also hosted a weekly live Country Music Jamboree, sponsored by local radio station WMNI.</p><br>
<p>The theater closed in 1979 and in 1986 was acquired by CAPA. After sitting empty for nearly two decades, the Southern was completely restored by CAPA in 1997-98 during an extensive 14-month rebuilding process. The newly restored Southern Theatre reopened on September 26, 1998. The Southern Theatre is now featured on many of Columbus&#39;s architectural tours.</p><br>
<p>Temple Hall is an early 19th-century Federal-style mansion and working farm near the Potomac River north of Leesburg in Loudoun County, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Temple Hall was constructed in 1810 for William Temple Thomson Mason (24 July 1782&ndash;1862), a son of Thomson Mason and his second wife Elizabeth Westwood Wallace of nearby Raspberry Plain, and nephew of George Mason. The estate became a hub of Leesburg society Altogether, Mason and his wife, Ann Eliza Carroll, raised ten children at Temple Hall. In addition to the Mason family, approximately twenty enslaved African-Americans resided on the property. Under Mason&#39;s management, the Temple Hall estate was a modestly successful farm. Mason cultivated orchards and raised corn, wheat, and livestock.</p><br>
<p>Mason retired to Washington, D.C. in 1857 and sold his farm to Henry A. Ball, who farmed it with using approximately 20 enslaved young men, 17 under age 16. Ball favored secession, and after Virginia voted for secession as the American Civil War began, two of Henry Balls enlisted in the Confederate States Armys cavalry. In 1862, Henry Ball was arrested for refusing to take an oath of allegiance to the Federal Government. Ball was released after spending nearly a year in the Old Capitol Prison. John S. Mosby visited Temple Hall on 5 July 1864 and dined with the Ball family. While at the house, Mosby received information that led to the action at Mount Zion Church. Temple Hall remained in the Ball family until 1878 when it was sold at auction.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, after a succession of owners, the Temple Hall property was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. James H. Symington. The Symingtons restored the mansion and made extensive renovations. farm to the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority (NVRPA) in 1985. Since then, the NVRPA has operated Temple Hall as a working farm and interpretive center. Temple Hall, along with several neighboring estates including nearby Mason family estate Raspberry Plain, is a contributing property in the 25,000 acre Catoctin Rural Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 31 January 1989. Temple Hall was listed on the National Register on 13 February 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Temple Hall is an early 19th-century Federal-style mansion. It is a Flemish bond brick house with a five-bay facade and is topped by a hipped roof. A small Doric portico shelters the central entrance which is surmounted by a graceful semicircular fanlight. Temple Hall also exhibits tall six-over-six double-sash windows, a frieze encircling the building, and tall interior end chimneys. The property also features a square brick smokehouse and two 19th-century frame barns.</p><br>
